ผู้เขียน หัวข้อ: The case of the man who shot his second head.  (อ่าน 332 ครั้ง)

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The case of the man who shot his second head.
« เมื่อ: กุมภาพันธ์ 02, 2022, 08:17:41 pm »
The case of the man who shot his second head.
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п»ї<title>What is a psychological autopsy</title>

Psychological autopsy is a forensic technique designed to establish or clarify the causes of a suicide and, in some cases, to corroborate whether or not a person's death was actually caused by suicide. It is a relatively new field that only began to be applied systematically in the 21st century.
The term psychological autopsy was first used in the 1950s in the work of Shneidman and Farberow. Edwin S. Shneidman was an American clinical psychologist who devoted himself to the study of suicidiology and thanatology. Together with Norman Farberow and Robert Litman, he founded the Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center in 1958.
However, the concept of psychological autopsy had already been hinted at in the United States since the 1920s. After the era known as the Great Depression, there was a wave of suicides in that country. This kind of epidemic attracted the attention of many scientists and attempts were made to look for common causes. However, it was only with Shneidman and Farberow that this concept was consolidated.
"Suicide is the worst kind of murder, because it leaves no room for repentance."
-John Churton Collins
The psychological autopsyWhat is done in a psychological autopsy is an indirect and retrospective reconstruction of the life and personality of the deceased. It is an investigative process that seeks to establish the circumstances and reasons that led a person to suicide.
In general terms, it has two main objectives. The first is forensic; the second is epidemiological. The psychological autopsy is ordered within the framework of a criminal investigation and constitutes a tool to complement the medico-legal autopsy. It is applied, almost always in cases where the cause of death is doubtful.
From an epidemiological point of view, this tool aims to collect relevant information to establish behavioral expressions, circumstances, motivations, etc. All this information should serve to establish common risk factors with the aim of preventing or avoiding new suicides.
Although to a lesser extent, this instrument also serves other purposes, such as establishing the legal validity of actions prior to death (e.g., signing documents). It can also be used to evaluate whether there were errors in praxis in people who were under medical or psychological treatment, to structure psychological profiles and to construct criminological categories, among others.
The investigative toolsThis type of autopsy is basically elaborated from three tools: the study of the crime scene, the collection of psychological traces and the interview of people close to the victim. The study of the crime scene gives important clues about the whole case. The method chosen, the arrangement of objects around the body and other similar elements provide valuable information.
The collection of psychological traces has to do with the collection of letters, messages, diaries and all those documents or information that can serve either to establish a psychological profile of the victim or to clarify the circumstances in which his death occurred.
Interviewing people close to the victim also serves the purpose of gathering information about the personality or motivations for the suicide. This is one of the most controversial procedures of the psychological autopsy, since it is very difficult to establish the biases or interests that those surrounding the suicide may have had.
Protocols to followThere are several protocols for performing a psychological autopsy. However, one of the most widely used is the MAPI model, created by Dr. Teresita Garcia Perez. She is the Cuban physician who gave shape to this method, which has proven to be very practical and functional. It is the most widely applied in the Hispanic world. The word MAPI refers to the four basic aspects to be analyzed. These are:
M-Mental. It analyzes cognitive skills and abilities, such as judgment, cognition, intelligence, memory and attention, among others.
A-Affective. It looks for signs of possible affective disorders, such as depression.
P-Psychosocial. Examines the relationship circles of the victim, throughout his or her life.
I-Interpersonal. It establishes how the person used to relate to his or her immediate environment.
The protocol indicates that the first thing to do is to work at the place of the facts, to capture psychological traces, signs and indications of the circumstances of the suicide.
Then a structured interview is conducted with three people close to the victim, on 60 dimensions. Such interviews are conducted between one and six months after the events.
Finally, an interdisciplinary analysis is carried out with the participation of a psychologist, a doctor and at least one criminologist. From this, an expert report is drawn up, the nature of which is probabilistic. This report establishes the cause of death, based on the NASH code: Natural, Accidental, Suicide or Homicide. Finally, the possible causes of the event are stated.
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